5.10. Operators#
5.10.1. Relational (comparison) operators#
In addition to the mathematical operators we have covered, there are relational operators.
<
less than<=
less than or equal to>
greater than>=
greater than or equal to==
equal to!=
not equal tois
the same instance, has the same location in memory [1].
5.10.2. Bitwise operators#
These are typically employed for operations involving integers. However, they also apply to the Python set
type.
&
is bitwise AND of the arguments|
is bitwise inclusive OR of the arguments^
is bitwise exclusive OR of the arguments
5.10.3. Logical operators#
These are used to extend logical statements, joining clauses.
and
if both clauses evaluate as True
a, b = 20, 5
a > 0 and b > 0
True
or
, if either clause evaluate as True
a > 0 or b > 0
True
in
, an element is a member of a series
series = [0, "a", 23]
"a" in series
True
5.11. Exercises#
Try the relational operators on different data types, e.g.
"abcd" < "ABCD"
False
What happens if you try them on different data types?
For the data below, write a single statement to evaluate whether
a
andb
have the same value but are different instances.a = {0: "text"} b = {0: "text"} c = b
Tip: Different instances will have a location in memory.
For the data above, write a single statement to evaluate whether
b
andc
have same value but are different instances.